Distributed Power Control Architecture for Renewable Energy Integration in Smart Grids

Abstract

The growing adoption of renewable energy sources into the contemporary intelligent grids creates critical concerns in the maintenance of the stability of power, scalability, and coordinated operation between the distributed generation sources. The conventional centralized control architectures suffer due to communication overhead and latency together with low scalability whereas the traditional droop-based control techniques have inaccurate power sharing accompanied by poor dynamic performance in the face of varying renewable conditions. In this paper, we will introduce a distributed power control architecture to overcome these limitations by providing a hierarchical control structure. The suggested solution incorporates local droop control and a consensus-based distributed secondary control mechanism to have the accurate, scaled coordination without the reference to the central controller. A mathematic model of the system is worked out in great detail, and the small-signal analysis of stability is conducted to guarantee stability in the dynamic behavior of the system, under different operating conditions. Simulation experiments of the suggested architecture are carried out and the tests are proven with considering various scenarios such as load perturbations and renewable intermittency. Numerical findings indicate that the settling time is reduced significantly, power sharing precision is highly improved, and stability margins are increased compared to the traditional methods of droop based systems. The suggested framework provides the next-generation scalable and robust model of the renewable-integrated smart grids.